diff --git a/system/modules/security/1password/default.nix b/system/modules/security/1password/default.nix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee33044
--- /dev/null
+++ b/system/modules/security/1password/default.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{ lib, config, ... }:
+
+let
+  inherit (lib) mkIf;
+  host = config.systemModules.host;
+in
+
+{
+  config = mkIf (host.type != "phone") {
+    programs = {
+      _1password.enable = true;
+      _1password-gui = {
+        enable = true;
+        polkitPolicyOwners = [ "${host.admin.name}" ];
+      };
+    };
+  };
+}
diff --git a/system/modules/security/default.nix b/system/modules/security/default.nix
index 1040e9a..336bf05 100644
--- a/system/modules/security/default.nix
+++ b/system/modules/security/default.nix
@@ -1,55 +1,9 @@
-{ lib, config, pkgs, ... }:
-
-let
-  cfg = config.systemModules.security;
-in
-
 {
-  config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
-
-    environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
-      polkit_gnome
-    ];
-
-    programs = {
-      gnupg.agent = {
-        enable = true;
-        enableSSHSupport = true;
-      };
-      _1password = {
-        enable = true;
-      };
-      _1password-gui = {
-        enable = true;
-        polkitPolicyOwners = [ "ooks" ];
-      };
-    };
-    security = {
-      polkit = {
-        enable = true;
-      };
-      sudo = {
-        enable = true;
-        wheelNeedsPassword = false;
-      };
-      rtkit.enable = true;
-      pam.services.hyprlock = {};
-    };
-
-    systemd = {
-      user.services.polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1 = {
-        description = "polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1";
-        wantedBy = [ "graphical-session.target" ];
-        wants = [ "graphical-session.target" ];
-        after = [ "graphical-session.target" ];
-        serviceConfig = {
-          Type = "simple";
-          ExecStart = "${pkgs.polkit_gnome}/libexec/polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1";
-          Restart = "on-failure";
-          RestartSec = 1;
-          TimeoutStopSec = 10;
-        };
-      };
-    };
-  };
+  import = [
+    ./1password
+    ./kernel
+    ./pam
+    ./polkit
+    ./sudo
+  ];
 }
diff --git a/system/modules/security/kernel/default.nix b/system/modules/security/kernel/default.nix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a22560f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/system/modules/security/kernel/default.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+{ lib, config, ... }:
+
+let
+  inherit (lib) optionals mkForce concatLists;
+  inherit (builtins) elem;
+  features = config.systemModules.host.hardware.features;
+in
+
+{
+  security = {
+    # Protects the kernel from being tampered with at runtime. prevents the ability to hibernate.
+    protectKernelImage = true; 
+
+    # page table isolation (PTI) is a kernel option designed to protect against
+    # side-channel attacks, including Meltdown & Spectre vunerabilities.  
+    forcePageTableIsolation = true;
+
+    # locking kernel modules during runtime breaks certain services by stopping them from being
+    # loaded at runtime. we use some of these services, so we disable this kernel option.
+    lockKernelModules = false;
+
+    # we enable simultaneous multithreading (SMT) because while it increases our attack surface
+    # disabling it comes at a large perfomance loss.
+    allowSimultaneousMultithreading = true;
+
+    # slight increase in attack surface, but allows for sandboxing
+    allowUserNamespaces = true;
+
+    # we don't need unpivileged user namespaces unless we are messing with containers so we disable
+    unprivilegedUsernsClone = false;
+  };
+
+  boot = {
+    kernel = {
+      sysctl = {
+        # obfuscate kernel pointers to protect against attacks that rely on memory layout of the kernel
+        "kernel.kptr_restrict" = 2;
+
+        # we don't make use of sysrq so we disable it to protect ourselves against potential physical attacks
+        "kernel.sysrq" = mkForce 0;
+
+        # limits the exposer of the kernel memory address via dmesg
+        "kernel.dmesg_restrict" = 1;
+        
+        # we are not a kernel developer so we disable this to prevent potential information leaks & attacks
+        "kernel.ftrace_enabled" = false;
+
+        # disables performance events for all non-root users, root can only acess events that are explicitly
+        # enabled.
+        "kernel.perf_event_paranoid" = 3;
+
+        # disables the use of berkeley packet filter (BPF) to unpriviliged users.
+        "kernel.unprivileged_bpf_disabled" = 1;
+
+        # prevents potentially leaking sensitive information from the boot console kernel log.
+        "kernel.printk" = "3 3 3 3";
+
+        # just-in-time (JIT) compiler for the berkeley packet filter (BPF). disable this as we dont make use
+        # of it and reduces potential security risks.
+        "net.core.bpf_jit_enable" = false;
+
+        # disables core dumps for SUID and SGID this reduces the risk of exposing sensitive information
+        # that might reside in the memory at the time of a crash
+        "fs.suid_dumpable" = 0;
+
+        # enforces strict access to files only allows the user or root to write regular files
+        "fs.protected_regular" = 2;
+        "fs.protected_fifos" = 2;
+
+        # disables the automatic loading of TTY line disciplines
+        "dev.tty.ldisc_autoload" = "0";
+      };
+    };
+
+    # https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html
+    kernelParams = [
+      # kernel errors can trigger something known as an "oops", by settings oops=panic we add a fail-safe
+      # mechanism to ensure that in the advent of an oops the system reboots, preventing the system from running
+      # in a potentially compromised state.
+      "oops=panic"
+
+      # enforces signature checking on all kernel modules before they are loaded.
+      "module.sig_enforce=1"
+
+      # enables memory page poisoning, increasing the difficulty for attackers to exploit
+      # use-after-free vulnerabillities.
+      "page_poison=on"
+
+      # enables kernel adress space layout randomization (KASLR) which mitigates memory exploits
+      # & increases system entropy.
+      "page_alloc.shuffle=1"
+
+      # randomizes the kernel stack offset, mitigating stack-based attacks.
+      "randomize_kstack_offset=on"
+
+      # lockdown aims to restrict certain kernel functionality that could be exploited by an attacker with
+      # user space code.
+      "lockdown=confidentiality"
+
+      # disables a common interface that contains sensitive info on the kernel
+      "debugfs=off"
+
+      # prevent kernel from blanking plymouth out of the frame buffer console 
+      "fbcon=nodefer"
+
+      # enables auditing of integrity measurement events
+      "integrity_audit=1"
+
+      # increases memory safety by modifying the state of the memory objects more closely & helps detecting
+      # & identifying bugs
+      "slub_debug=FZP"
+
+      # disables the legacy vyscall mechanism, reducing attack surface.
+      "vsyscall=none"
+      
+      # reduce exposure to heap attacks by preventing different slab caches from being merged.
+      "slab_nomerge"
+
+      
+      "rootflags=noatime"
+      "lsm=landlock,lockdown,yama,integrity,apparmor,bpf,tomoyo,selinux"
+    ];
+    blacklistedKernelModules = concatLists [
+      # Obscure network protocols
+      [
+        "dccp" # Datagram Congestion Control Protocol
+        "sctp" # Stream Control Transmission Protocol
+        "rds" # Reliable Datagram Sockets
+        "tipc" # Transparent Inter-Process Communication
+        "n-hdlc" # High-level Data Link Control
+        "netrom" # NetRom
+        "x25" # X.25
+        "ax25" # Amatuer X.25
+        "rose" # ROSE
+        "decnet" # DECnet
+        "econet" # Econet
+        "af_802154" # IEEE 802.15.4
+        "ipx" # Internetwork Packet Exchange
+        "appletalk" # Appletalk
+        "psnap" # SubnetworkAccess Protocol
+        "p8022" # IEEE 802.3
+        "p8023" # Novell raw IEEE 802.3
+        "can" # Controller Area Network
+        "atm" # ATM
+      ]
+
+      # Old or rare or insufficiently audited filesystems
+      [
+        "adfs" # Active Directory Federation Services
+        "affs" # Amiga Fast File System
+        "befs" # "Be File System"
+        "bfs" # BFS, used by SCO UnixWare OS for the /stand slice
+        "cifs" # Common Internet File System
+        "cramfs" # compressed ROM/RAM file system
+        "efs" # Extent File System
+        "erofs" # Enhanced Read-Only File System
+        "exofs" # EXtended Object File System
+        "freevxfs" # Veritas filesystem driver
+        "f2fs" # Flash-Friendly File System
+        "vivid" # Virtual Video Test Driver (unnecessary, and a historical cause of escalation issues)
+        "gfs2" # Global File System 2
+        "hpfs" # High Performance File System (used by OS/2)
+        "hfs" # Hierarchical File System (Macintosh)
+        "hfsplus" # " same as above, but with extended attributes
+        "jffs2" # Journalling Flash File System (v2)
+        "jfs" # Journaled File System - only useful for VMWare sessions
+        "ksmbd" # SMB3 Kernel Server
+        "minix" # minix fs - used by the minix OS
+        "nfsv3" # " (v3)
+        "nfsv4" # Network File System (v4)
+        "nfs" # Network File System
+        "nilfs2" # New Implementation of a Log-structured File System
+        "omfs" # Optimized MPEG Filesystem
+        "qnx4" # extent-based file system used by the QNX4 and QNX6 OSes
+        "qnx6" # "
+        "squashfs" # compressed read-only file system (used by live CDs)
+        "sysv" # implements all of Xenix FS, SystemV/386 FS and Coherent FS.
+        "udf" # https://docs.kernel.org/5.15/filesystems/udf.html
+      ]
+
+      # Disable Thunderbolt and FireWire to prevent DMA attacks
+      [
+        "thunderbolt"
+        "firewire-core"
+      ]
+
+      # if bluetooth is enabled, whitelist the module
+      # necessary for bluetooth dongles to work
+      (optionals (! (elem "bluetooth" features)) [
+        "bluetooth" # let bluetooth work
+        "btusb" # let bluetooth dongles work
+      ])
+    ];
+  };
+}
diff --git a/system/modules/security/pam/default.nix b/system/modules/security/pam/default.nix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9741989
--- /dev/null
+++ b/system/modules/security/pam/default.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+{
+  security = {
+    pam = {
+      loginLimits = [
+        {
+          domain = "@wheel";
+          item = "nofile";
+          type = "soft";
+          value = "524288";
+        }
+        {
+          domain = "@wheel";
+          item = "nofile";
+          type = "hard";
+          value = "1048576";
+        }
+      ];
+      services = {
+        hyprlock = {};
+      };
+    };
+  };
+}
diff --git a/system/modules/security/polkit/default.nix b/system/modules/security/polkit/default.nix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b52b00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/system/modules/security/polkit/default.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+{ lib, config, ... }:
+
+let
+  inherit (lib) mkDefault mkIf;
+in
+
+{
+  security.polkit = {
+    enable = true;
+    debug = mkDefault true;
+    extraConfig = mkIf config.security.polkit.debug ''
+      /* Log authorization checks. */
+      polkit.addRule(function(action, subject) {
+        polkit.log("user " +  subject.user + " is attempting action " + action.id + " from PID " + subject.pid);
+      });
+    '';
+  };
+}
diff --git a/system/modules/security/sudo/default.nix b/system/modules/security/sudo/default.nix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ecd763f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/system/modules/security/sudo/default.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+{ lib, ... }: 
+
+let
+  inherit (lib) mkDefault mkForce;
+in
+
+{
+  # nyx module
+  security = {
+    sudo-rs.enable = mkForce false; # we don't want the rust sudo fork
+    sudo = {
+      enable = true;
+      wheelNeedsPassword = mkDefault false; # only use false here if the extraRules below are enabled
+      execWheelOnly = mkForce true; # only allow wheel to execute sudo
+      extraConfig = /* shell */ ''
+        Defaults lecture = never # disable sudo lecture
+        Defaults pwfeedback # password feedback
+        Defaults env_keep += "EDITOR PATH DISPLAY" # variables to be passes to root
+        Defaults timestamp_timeout = 300 # asks for sudo password ever 300s
+      '';
+      extraRules = [
+        {
+          # allow wheel group to run nixos-rebuild without password
+          groups = ["wheel"];
+          commands = let
+            currentSystem = "/run/current-system/";
+            storePath = "/nix/store/";
+          in [
+            {
+              command = "${storePath}/*/bin/switch-to-configuration";
+              options = ["SETENV" "NOPASSWD"];
+            }
+            {
+              command = "${currentSystem}/sw/bin/nix-store";
+              options = ["SETENV" "NOPASSWD"];
+            }
+            {
+              command = "${currentSystem}/sw/bin/nix-env";
+              options = ["SETENV" "NOPASSWD"];
+            }
+            {
+              command = "${currentSystem}/sw/bin/nixos-rebuild";
+              options = ["NOPASSWD"];
+            }
+            {
+              # let wheel group collect garbage without password
+              command = "${currentSystem}/sw/bin/nix-collect-garbage";
+              options = ["SETENV" "NOPASSWD"];
+            }
+            {
+              # let wheel group interact with systemd without password
+              command = "${currentSystem}/sw/bin/systemctl";
+              options = ["NOPASSWD"];
+            }
+          ];
+        }
+      ];
+    };
+  };
+}